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A ProMED-mail post
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ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: 9 Sep 2008
Source: People's Daily Online [machine trans., edited]
<http://gx.people.com.cn/GB/channel5/200809/09/1354277.html>
This year, on [8 Sep 2008], the World Health Organization launched
the 2nd "Rabies Day," aimed at raising public awareness of disease
prevention and control of rabies. On the same day [8 Sep 2008],
reporters from the autonomous region [of Guangxi] in Nanning City
learned from the Disease Prevention and Control Center [CDC] that in
2004, there was a high incidence of rabies. While the rabies epidemic
in Guangxi is now more stable, there are still more than 100 [human]
cases per year. Related statistics on post-exposure management also
showed that rabies prevention awareness among some people after being
bitten by dogs is still very weak.
In response to this situation, disease control experts also reminded
the public about the need to take the right approach with the
administration of the rabies vaccine after being bitten by cats and dogs.
Of 19 cases of rabies, only 4 people had been vaccinated [post exposure].
In the autonomous region of Guangxi, CDC information shows that
during the period from the beginning of 2000 through 2004, there was
an increase in the reported number of rabies cases in Guangxi, with a
peak in 2004. In 2001, there were 500 cases of human rabies. Since
then, there has been a decline in the number of cases, but there are
still many human cases.
The Nanning City disease prevention center data from 19 patients with
rabies revealed that only 4 patients who were bitten by dogs were
treated by either the disease control department or a hospital for
their wounds, and in the 4 cases where post exposure prophylaxis with
rabies vaccine was administered, the vaccine was not administered in
time to prevent human disease.
Since there is still no effective treatment for rabies, once an
individual [or animal] develops the disease, the mortality rate is
100 percent. Therefore, the only way to stop rabies is through
prevention by vaccination. Vaccination should be done for humans when
bitten by possible rabies-infected animals as well as pet cats and
dogs and other animals following injuries possibly inflicted by other
rabid animals.
Phenomenon: The prevention of rabies in rural areas is not in a
desirable condition.
Following years of publicity, most people are aware of the need to
get vaccinated after being bitten by a dog, but little attention is
paid to the routine vaccination of dogs against rabies. This is
particularly true in rural areas where much lower vaccination rates are seen.
In Nanning City, Liu Xiaojun, deputy director of CDC said that in
rural areas, as young people go out to work, many families keep cats
and dogs. However, due to vaccine prices, and the [reduced] epidemic
prevention awareness and other issues, very few people take the
initiative to request vaccinations [for their pets]. At present, the
import price of rabies vaccine is 340 yuan [49.74 USD], whereas
China-made vaccine costs about 280 yuan [40.97 USD], which for rural
residents who are not affluent is [prohibitive], leading to a lower
vaccination initiative.
Rabies prevention is the way, Nanning City CDC Deputy Chief of Bureau
Liang said; 1st of all, the public [space] is not the best kennel for
cats and other animals; Secondly, in keeping the family pet, it is
necessary for these pets to receive rabies vaccine injections, but
those pets that are in the public spaces [feral animals/stray animals
without homes, or pets kept outside of the home] we should also pay
attention to avoid being bitten by these animals. Third, once there
is a wound [from an animal bite], it is necessary to immediately deal
with it by going to the CDC or hospital for post exposure vaccination
and possibly consult with the doctors for the administration of
anti-rabies virus serum [hyperimmune globulin].
The incubation period of rabies is not clearly identified; it can be
as short as 10 days or as long as 2 years or even longer. Therefore,
once they are bitten by animals, people must be vaccinated with
rabies vaccine as soon as possible, the sooner the better. In
addition, disease control experts highlighted that when raising a
family pet, family members and pets need rabies vaccine injections.
Who should be vaccinated:
Those individuals who:
1. Were bitten by wolves, foxes and other wild animals;
2. Were bitten by a cat or a dog;
3. Have skin wounds that were contaminated with rabies-infected saliva;
4. Have damaged skin and provided rabies care or had contact with a
rabies-infected patient/animal;
5. Had contact with secretions from humans with rabies;
6. Work or live in rabies-endemic areas.
7. Animals that have been bitten by dogs
--
Communicated by:
HealthMap Alerts via
PRO/MBDS <promed-mbds@promedmail.org>
[The above translation of a newswire from the local press in the
Guangxi Autonomous region of China serves as a reminder that while
the incidence of rabies is decreasing from earlier this decade
(during the period 2000 through 2004 when the incidence was
reportedly very high), rabies continues to be a significant problem
in the region, with more than 100 human cases reported each year.
From the tone of the newswire, there are still significant
weaknesses in rabies control efforts, with low acceptance of
vaccination of domestic pets, as well as presumed high incidence of
stray animals that are unvaccinated. In addition, it appears as
though the general population has not been seeking post exposure
prophylaxis when exposed to rabid animals. With respect to routine
vaccination of animals, from the cost figures provided, it appears as
though the cost of vaccine for domestic animals is prohibitive,
especially for those living and working in rural areas.
Of note, in a newswire posted on the general ProMED-mail list in
2003, Guangxi had reported 312 deaths attributable to rabies during
the period January through September 2003 (see Rabies - China
(Guangxi) 20031112.2802 at
<http://www.promedmail.org>).
The above newswire does not provide exact data on the numbers of
rabid animals identified, the number of rabid animal bites treated,
and the actual number of human cases of rabies each year. PRO/MBDS
would greatly appreciate more information from knowledgeable sources
in the region.
For a map of China with administrative divisions, see
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/china_pol01.jpg>.
For the interactive HealthMap/ProMED map of China with links to other
recent ProMED-mail and PRO/MBDS postings in China and neighboring
areas, see <http://healthmap.org/promed?v=36.5,103.9,4>. - Mod.MPP]
[see also:
2007
----
Rabies, human - Viet Nam (02): mouse brain vaccine banned 20070918.3105
Rabies, human - Viet Nam: RFI 20070910.2990
Rabies, human, canine - China: RFI 20070614.1942
For more background information on rabies in China carried on the
general ProMED-mail list, see the below references available at
<http://www.promedmail.org>.
- Mod.MPP
Rabies - China: increased incidence 20080826.2660
Rabies, canine - China: compulsory vaccination 20080120.0254
2007
----
Rabies, human, canine - China (02) 20070725.2390
Rabies, human, canine - China 20070612.1917
Rabies, human, canine - China (Hunan) 20070305.0782
Rabies, human, canine - China (Beijing) 20070204.0449
2006
----
Rabies, human, canine - China (04) 20061213.3504
Rabies, human, canine - China (03) 20061111.3240
Rabies, human, canine - China (03) 20061110.3225
Rabies, human, canine - China (02) 20061010.2905
Rabies, human, canine - China (Beijing, Shanghai) 20060827.2443
Rabies, human, canine - China (Beijing) (02) 20060826.2424
Rabies, canine, human - China (Shandong) 20060805.2174
Rabies, canine, human - China (Guangdong) 20060608.1605
Rabies, canine, human - China (Beijing) 20060226.0632
2005
----
Rabies, canine, human - China (Beijing) 20050814.2380
Rabies, canine, human - China (Guangdong): correction 20050319.0799
Rabies, canine - China (Guangdong) 20050318.0784
Rabies, human - China: vaccine failure suspected 20050718.2071
Rabies, canine, human - China (Guangdong): correction 20050319.0800
Rabies, canine - China (Guangdong) 20050318.0784
2004
----
Rabies, human - China 20040621.1649
Rabies vaccine: recall (03) 20040406.0939
2003
----
Rabies, human - China (nationwide) (02) 20031125.2920
Rabies - China (Guangxi) (03) 20031114.2830
Rabies - China (Guangxi) (02): correction 20031114.2821
Rabies - China (Guangxi) 20031112.2802
Rabies, human - China (nationwide) 20030912.2311
Rabies, human - China (Guangdong) (02): correction 20030722.1794
Rabies, human - China (Guangdong) (02): correction 20030722.1793
Rabies, human - China (Guangdong) 20030721.1783
1999
----
Rabies, human - Asia (Thailand & China) (02) 19990528.0894
Rabies, human - Asia (Thailand & China) 19990525.0875]
...................................................mpp/msp/yma/mpp
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